LOADING AND DIFFERENT METHODS OF LOADING
In ordinary telephone cables, the wires are insulated with paper and twisted in pairs, therefore there will not be flux linkage between the wires, which results in negligible inductance, and conductance. If this is the case, there occurs frequency and phase distortion in the line.
Quarter wave length
For the case where the length of the line is one quarter wavelength long, or an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength long, the input impedance becomes
Matched load
Another special case is when the load impedance is equal to the characteristic impedance of the line (i.e. the line is matched), in which case the impedance reduces to the characteristic impedance of the line so that
For all l and all λ.
Short : For the case of a shorted load (i.e. ZL = 0), the input impedance is purely imaginary and a periodic function of position and wavelength (frequency)
